Gay Glory Holes In Northeast

the history of Islam in Tunisia, Episode 1

Tahir al-Haddad (1899-1935): Tunisia misunderstood reformer, Tunisia's national symbol

Part

By Iman Hajji

bust al-Haddad in El Hamma (Gabes)

"The time for action has come, for today we need to work more than eager words" of the Tunisian social critic Tahir al-Haddad wrote in 1933 - then in the shadow of the French protectorate. Felt the same urge action now eight decades later, his countrymen, as they took to the streets to protest the Tunisian dictator Ben-Ali - in line with al-Haddad, who believed that tyranny always brings freedom.

is contemporary al-Haddad, however, not only in this respect. The multiple identities of Tunisia ranging from Arab nationalism and unity of the Maghreb to the Mediterranean romance. The Tunisian society is, however, granted for a long time compared to other Arab countries a degree of modernity, primarily on the women-friendly posited Consequently, if the person knows the Tunisian state law. The code you Staff Personnel ( majallat al-al-ahwâl shakhsîya ) on 13 August 1956 adopted by the then Prime Minister and later President Bourguiba. The privileges of men were circumcised in it drastically, polygamy has been placed in prison and a fine, institutionalized judicial divorce, which could now require men and women, and the jabr - to marry the father's right, minors against their will - was abolished. The Code du Personnel statute is one of the most important achievements of the Bourguiba era. It turned the promulgation Code of s in a sense, an appreciation of the thought al-Haddad, whom he in 1930 in his work Imra'atunâ fī al-shari'a wa-l-mujtama ' ("Our [ie the Tunisian] Women in Sharia and Society published).

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Who is this Tahir al-Haddad, the man who has played a significant role in the modern Tunisian society, but neither the German public is not even the German Islamic studies sufficiently well known?
Tahir al-Haddad said
full name at-Tahir ibn 'Ali ibn Abi al-Hajj l-Qasim (= Bilqâsim) ibn Farhat (!) al-Haddad, al-Hamid al-Fatnâsî. His exact birth date is unknown and can not be reconstructed. The sources are, however, largely agreed that he was born in 1899 in Tunis today in the street named after him. His father earned as a laborer at the local bazaar the livelihood of the family. Accordingly, the young al-Haddad grew up in modest circumstances. He enjoyed in various Islamic schools in Tunis a traditional education, which was limited to basic skills of reading and writing and to the memorization of the Koran. This training was thorough from the year 1911 at the Zaitûna, where he studied for nine years. Tahir al-Haddad

worked after his studies and enrolled as a notary also strives to study law. The name al-Haddad is now brought directly to the women's movement in Tunisia connection - in fact he is considered the "woman liberator" par excellence. This may be because on the one hand, that he was one of the first, devoted to women in Tunisia and the women's issues' as a heading, and secondly to the fact that this work, the company sustained in turmoil and said would shape profound. Man Tahir al-Haddad, however, would do wrong, one would his role to that of the "free women" . Reduce In fact, he was in the thirty-six years of his life in many ways: politically, socially - and not least as a poet. He was driven by a deep reform efforts and had to speak particularly the written word.

Nevertheless, his ideas are central in his work Imra'atunâ fī al-shari'a wa-l-mujtama ', since the publication of this work should be life take a dramatic turn. Immediately after the publication of the book became a topic of conversation throughout the country and sparked a very aggressive offensive against the author. The first measures against al-Haddad was taken were based on the Zaytuna scholars, the public soon declared him a heretic. They deprived him his degree and imposed a ban, which al-Haddad prevented from continuing his studies in law. Crucial for its existence, however, was the decision of the Ministry of Justice of 01.12.1930, deprive him of the Notary.

involved in the campaign was largely the press in Tunisia, which published articles over the years, which were directed against al-Haddad. On the street there was also personal attacks on him, and even physical attacks were not. Although al-Haddad his ideas remained true, and in this very difficult time for him, his anxious brother, saying, "I know what I do," appeased, had the campaign against him but a great influence on his psyche. He pulled back from a serious depression affected, in total isolation and suffered from a heart ailment that eventually caused his early death. Al-Haddad told So at first hand, that his vision for his country was not ready. "In his" thoughts that he wrote between May and July 1933, he noted with consternation:

"Thinking represents the beginning of life, but we meet him with the weapon of Heresy to incite the people against it (that is, against the thinking). From where should we start this life so that we are calling for the people? "

Tahir al-Haddad died on 7 December 1935, young and unhappy. The code you Staff Personnel is still considered the document of the liberation of the Tunisian woman and securing their rights, which would not be without al-Haddad and his modernist ideas come about. Such as the modern Tunisia is still in terms of the woman question, in the tradition of al-Haddad - and in his debt. Today in Tunisia are named after the once little known reformer al-Haddad streets and public spaces, and er gilt als eine der bedeutendsten Persönlichkeiten tunesischen der Geistesgeschichte.

"Thinking is not a crime, especially since medieval times and all they carry are exceeded. And then what crime do you accuse me, if not having written a book and made a point of view? It may well be greeted today with hostility by institutions of various trends, it will not fail, however, in five or ten years will inevitably be a fair opinion and a principle of existence, that one day Another task will be to oil. "(Aus einem Brief Al-Haddad)

CONTINUED
(references will include the last part of this series)